As many as 1,400 people died in violence after kenya s last presidential elections in 2007 getty images nairobi, kenya naivasha is a small town in the rift valley, on the shores of a beautiful. Kenya 2017 general and presidential elections 5 provided by the law to consolidate and post all the official polling station results forms. Impact of post election violence and mobilemoney services on remittances in kenya dr. To what extent are they responsible for inflaming the post election violence of 2008. Post election violence has become an increasingly observable phenomenon.
Case study kenya an international law perspective 4 violence. The worst of the reported incidents was that 200 members of president kibakis ethnic group the kikuyu took shelter in a church and then the opposition extremist. The commission of inquiry on post election violence 2009 that investigated kenya s 200708 post election violence attributed the countrys history of electoral violence to a combination of longstanding conflict drivers. Table of contents kenya national commission on human. Background on the postelection crisis in kenya center. Post election violence in kenyas case was planned or spontaneous, the author carefully transcends this. In this study, the dependent variable is the election related political violence. International criminal court investigation in kenya. Commission of inquiry into the post election violence. Media, elections and political violence in eastern africa. About the authors the lead author, claire elder, worked as a consultant with international crisis groups horn of africa project in nairobi, kenya, where she monitored and researched the 20 kenyan general elections. Following the announcement of presidential election results on december 30, 2007, kenya experienced the worst electoral violence since the inception of multiparty politics in 1992, leaving more than 1,100 people dead, 650,000 displaced, and the country deeply divided. In the provincial capital nakuru, more than 60 people have been killed in the last three days.
While freedom was greeted with euphoria in many places, it could not mask the deep political instability that often accompanied independence. Kenya, idps, electoral violence, democratic participation. It focuses on the sgbv experienced by women and girls in idp camps in the aftermath of the 20072008 post election violence, with data gathered in 2012 njiru, 2014. The 20072008 kenyan crisis followed the presidential election that was held on 27 december 2007. The death toll from violence in kenya triggered by the result of this weeks presidential election that saw president uhuru kenyatta returned to power has risen to two dozen, including children. The 200708 kenyan crisis was a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in kenya after former president mwai kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on december 27, 2007. Postelection violence continues in kenya, as opposition. The announcement of the results of the 27 december 2007 general election in kenya triggered widespread violence, resulting in the deaths of over a thousand people, thousands of people being injured, and several hundreds of thousands of people being. The international criminal court and post election violence in kenya may 2010. In december 1997, kenyans went to the polls to elect members of parliament. Antiretroviral therapy art depends on continuous access to medications which may have been interrupted due to pev.
The consequences of postelection violence on antiretroviral. Already in 2012 and early 20, intercommunal clashes in parts of kenya have claimed. Causes and effects of postelection violence on agricultural. An exploration of the effects of postelection violence in kenyas.
The research will examine whether the international legal principles were adhered to in resolving the conflict witnessed during the kenyan post election violence. Seeking justice for victims contents some pev survivors as a weak option for pursuing retributive justice. In the months that followed deadly post election violence witnessed in kenya in 2008, the political and national debate around justice for perpetrators becaincreasingly complex and me polarized. It is unjust or unwarranted exertion of force or power, as against rights or laws online. Violence and coercion became a common means of changing. The kenyan commission of inquiry into postelection violence. The current situation of internally displaced persons in kenya.
There has been inadequate treatment of the role of the police in the violence. In this paper, i perform an analysis of the conflict to examine why widespread violence erupted in the wake of kibakis presidential reelection. Kenya article 19 defending freedom of expression and. Postelection violence continuing across kenya 28 jan 08. Aug 17, 2017 kenyas recent general election was held amid political tension and fear. Preventing postelection violence based on the kenyan.
Case study kenya an international law perspective 5 were from secondary information from existing written literature, books, internet and journal. Challenges and opportunities september 2011 background from the 1950s through to the 1970s, decolonization swept across africa. Post colonial officials lavished themselves with political and economic favours in a pattern that has extended into the. Kenya death toll rises in postelection violence financial.
The international criminal court investigation in kenya or the situation in the republic of kenya is an ongoing investigation by the international criminal court icc into the responsibility for the 20072008 post election violence in kenya. While kenya was able to avoid the largescale violence that undermined. Much of the literature on the post election violence that followed the 2007 presidential elections in in kenya has focused on the root causes of the disturbances. However, as explained by madeleine bunting, the illustrious guardian columnist, the violence in kenya may be atrocious. Since independence, kenya has had a difficult road to democratic consolidation, and the coalition government currently in power is fragile and stalemated on a range of key reforms. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the continent. Pdf explaining postelection violence in kenya and zimbabwe. The magnitude of the trauma and structural violence that took place in kenya after the fourth multiparty general election took both kenyans and. Aug 11, 2009 nature of the violence the majority of kenya s post election violence took place in january and february, 2008. The impact of ethnic conflict on economic development.
Aug 06, 2009 background on the post election crisis in kenya. Postelection political violence 3 2 summary of recommendations the following is a summary of article 19s recommendations for action to end the culture of impunity and disregard for human rights, including freedom of. An estimated 350,000 450,000 people, mainly kikuyu, an ethnic group living mostly in the kalenjin rift valley. Kenya has been riddled with conflict and violence throughout its brief history as a nation. Background on the postelection crisis in kenya center for. Obstacles to investigation of post election violence pev. Election violence is not new to the east african country. On january 25, 2008, during the explosion of post election violence in kenya, four men beat and brutally gangraped apiyo p. The study causes for postelectionviolence 20072008 in kenya reconsidered. Immediately after the announcement of the reelection of president kibaki on the evening of 30. The fighting resulted in 1,3 casualties, at least 350,000 internally displaced persons idps, approximately 2,000 refugees, significant, but unknown, numbers of sexual violence victims, and the destruction of 117,216 private properties and 491 governmentowned.
Critical analysis of the discourse formation good governance and its implementation by the world bank deals with the impact of discourses and connected power structures on kenyan national politics. Impact of postelection violence and mobilemoney services. The existence and destructive force of post election violence challenges political transitions, aspects of nationbuilding, and notions of democratization itself. Using two surveys conducted before and after the election we find that one out of three. Introduction the post election violence which engulfed kenya fell short of civil war that several independent african countries have experienced as a result of factors ingrained in. The chapter discusses some scholarly works on contextual concepts, historical ethnic divisions in kenya and the origin of political parties. However, when crimes against humanity were alleged to have been committed in kenya during the 20072008 post election violence, a promising road map for criminal accountability was agreed upon alongside a political solution. Kenyans were affected by the violence regardless of their. The role played by international law in ending the kenyan. Several people were killed in clashes between demonstrators and. About 1,100 people, including children, died in the events that. Over individuals were killed and 600,000 were displaced during post election violence pev in kenya in 2008. Election related violence is not limited to physical.
On january 25, 2008, during the explosion of postelection violence in kenya, four men beat and brutally gangraped apiyo p. An estimated 350,000 450,000 people, mainly kikuyu, an. Election report kenya 2017 general and presidential. The case of internally displaced people following the. Dismissing the violence that followed kenya s previous election as mere tribalism is too simplistic an explanation. Election related violence is not limited to physical violence but includes other coercive means, such as the threat of violence, intimidation and harassment. In the spirit of this road map, the author analyzes the post election violence in kenya from a legal point of view. Pdf the role of the police in the post election violence in. Kenya went to the polls on december 27th, but, in all likeliness, the elections were flawed, a fact that has since been confirmed by the election commission of kenya chairman himself as well as both local and international observers including those from the european union incumbent president mwai kibaki was assured a second term from the outset, something the electorate was not aware of. Abstract during the violence following the 2007 general elections in kenya, it was reported that around 1,000 people were killed and over 500,000 people were displaced. Causes of electoral violence the causes of electoral violence are multifaceted, and can. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. At least 24 reportedly killed in kenya postelection violence.
Commission of inquiry into the post election violence cipev final report. Nov 18, 2017 post election violence continues in kenya, as opposition leader returns politicallyfueled violence has broken out in kenya again. Roberts september, 2009 abstract kenya has been riddled with conflict and violence throughout its brief history as a nation. The commission of inquiry on postelection violence 2009 that investigated kenyas 200708 postelection violence attributed the countrys history of electoral violence to a combination of longstanding conflict drivers. Preventing postelection violence based on the kenyan experience. This is what uhuru said after a luo man was buried like a dog because he died of covid 19 he was buried at 2 am like a witch. Conflict analysis of 2007 postelection violence in kenya. Case study kenya an international law perspective and phd ongoing in disaster management and sustainable development at. December 2007, kenya was thrust into the worst civil unrest.
The fighting resulted in 1,3 casualties, at least 350,000 internally displaced persons idps, approximately 2,000 refugees, significant, but unknown, numbers of sexual violence victims, and the destruction of 117,216 private properties and 491 governmentowned properties including. They were men in uniform 2 accountable, and ensure survivors of sexual violence have access to comprehensive, quality, and timely post rape care. The framework posits that post election violence in kenya was due primarily to intermediate or proximate variables which were influenced by sets of independent variables, some of. Methodology focus of the study was restricted on the role played by women in conflict management following the 20072008 postelection violence. The independent variable is the nature of political mobilization. Susan stigant is a senior program officer in usips center for governance, law, and society. Kenya since 20072008 postelection violence sunday august 6 2017 elizabeth wangui wails after a church in the background was burnt in kiambaa, eldoret during the 20072008 postelection violence. Kenya will hold general elections on 08 august where many fear the possible post election violence. Media coverage of the 2007 postelection violence in kenya 7 the gender mainstreaming perspective the coverage of elections provides one of the toughest ethical tests for the media in kenya. Pdf on jan 1, 2010, patrick mutua kioko and others published a study on the post election violence. Triggers and characteristics of kenyan electoral violence csae. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. Triggers and characteristics of kenyan electoral violence. The post election demonstration and violence stemmed from a mixture of motives.
The kenyan commission of inquiry into postelection violence background the commission of inquiry into postelection violence cipev was the outcome of the kenya national dialogue and reconciliation accord of february 28, 2008, negotiated by kofi annan and the panel of eminent african personalities, and its sister agreement of. Upcoming elections in zimbabwe, sierra leone and kenya the three country cases below are located in three different regions in africa. Post election political violence 3 2 summary of recommendations the following is a summary of article 19s recommendations for action to end the culture of impunity and disregard for human rights, including freedom of. The impact of the 20072008 post election violence on. Voting in elections has widely been along ethnic lines in many kenyan communities. The aftermath of recent kenyan elections has been marred by violence and an apparent crisis in democratic governance, with the negotiated settlement resulting from the 2007 election bringing into sharp focus longstanding problems of state and. What role have the media played in kenyan democracy. This research seeks to examine the causes and effects of post election violence on agricultural production in kesses division, uasin gishu county. Postelection violence in kenya and its aftermath center.
Media coverage of the 2007 postelection violence in kenya. The 2007 postelection violence in kenya, however, was of a different magnitude. The head of the african union was traveling to kenya for crisis talks to end an explosion of post election violence that has killed more than 275 people, including dozens burned alive as they. In addition, a commission on justice and reconciliation will seek to shed light on the post election violence. The mandate of the commission of inquiry into postelection violence cipev. Pdf postelection crisis in kenya and internally displaced. Instead, the iebc hastily declared the final presidential election results on aug.
Aug, 2017 the death toll from violence in kenya triggered by the result of this weeks presidential election that saw president uhuru kenyatta returned to power has risen to two dozen, including children. Special report july 2010 2 july 2010 kenyans for peace with truth and justice the post elections violence in kenya. The 2007 postelection violence in kenya rooted in the interethnic resentments between the kalejins and kikuyus. Post election violence has a global footprint and a global impact, and as such, it is necessary to. Aug 12, 2017 at least 24 reportedly killed in kenya post election violence. Conclusions based on an empirical analysis of post election violence conducted at the constituency level in kenya on december 27, 2007, and zimbabwe on march 29, 2008, are presented. Monday april, 2020 the government of president uhuru kenyatta has responded to a viral video of the burial of a covid19 victim in sia. The western rift valley has been the site of kenya s latest deadly clashes. Kenya since 20072008 postelection violence daily nation. First is the perception of historic marginalization by certain ethnic groups as a consequence of. Postcolonial officials lavished themselves with political and economic favours in a pattern that has extended into the postpostcolonial era moi who was a member of kadu and later kanu, kibaki who was technocrat in kanu from 1963, michuki the internal security minister, njenga karume, the defence minister among others. Case study kenya an international law perspective a study on the post election violence. First is the perception of historic marginalization by certain ethnic groups as a. Pdf the role of the police in the post election violence.
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